Ideal Transformer

Definition: The transformer which is free from all types of losses is known as an ideal transformer. It is an imaginary transformer that has no core loss, no ohmic resistance, and no leakage flux. The ideal transformer has the following important characteristic.

1. The resistance of their primary and secondary winding becomes zero.
2. The core of the ideal transformer has infinite permeability. The infinite permeable means less magnetizing current requires for magnetizing their core.
3. The leakage flux of the transformer becomes zero, i.e. the whole of the flux induces in the core of the transformer links with their primary and secondary winding.
4. The ideal transformer has 100 percent efficiency, i.e., the transformer is free from hysteresis and eddy current loss.

The above mention properties are not possible in the practical transformer. In an ideal transformer, there is no power loss. Therefore, the output power is equal to the input power.

Since E_l ∞ N₂ and E₁ ∞ N₁, also E₁ is similar to V₁ and E₂ is similar to V₂

Therefore, the transformation ratio will be given by the equation shown belowThe primary and the secondary currents are inversely proportional to their respective turns.

Behavior of Ideal Transformer

Consider the ideal transformer shown in the figure below:

The voltage source V₁ is applied across the primary winding of the transformer. Their secondary winding is kept open. The N₁ and N₂ are the numbers of turns of their primary and secondary winding.

The current I_m is the magnetizing current flows through the primary winding of the transformer. The magnetizing current produces the flux φ_m in the core of the transformer.

As the permeability of the core is infinite the flux of the core link with both the primary and secondary winding of the transformer.

The flux link with the primary winding induces the emf E₁ because of self-induction. The direction of the induced emf is inversely proportional to the applied voltage V₁. The emf E₂ induces in the secondary winding of the transformer because of mutual induction.

Phasor Diagram of Ideal Transformer

The phasor diagram of the ideal transformer is shown in the figure below. As the coil of the primary transformer is purely inductive the magnetizing current induces in the transformer lag 90º by the input voltage V₁.

The E₁ and E₂ are the emf induced in the primary and secondary winding of the transformer. The direction of the induced emf inversely proportional to the applied voltage.

Point to Remember

The input energy of the transformer is equal to its output energy. The power loss in the ideal transformer becomes zero.